标准库标头 <vector>

 

C++

编译器支持

自立实现与有宿主实现

语言

标准库

标准库标头

具名要求

功能特性测试宏 (C++20)

语言支持库

概念库 (C++20)

元编程库 (C++11)

诊断库

通用工具库

字符串库

容器库

迭代器库

范围库 (C++20)

算法库

数值库

本地化库

输入/输出库

文件系统库 (C++17)

正则表达式库 (C++11)

并发支持库 (C++11)

技术规范

符号索引

外部库

 

标准库标头

注：修订记号中的反斜杠 '/' 意味着此标头被弃用和/或被移除。

语言支持
<cstddef> <cstdlib> <version> (C++20) <limits> <climits>	<cfloat> <cstdint> (C++11) <stdfloat> (C++23) <new> <typeinfo>	<source_location> (C++20) <exception> <initializer_list> (C++11) <compare> (C++20)	<coroutine> (C++20) <csignal> <csetjmp> <cstdarg>
概念
<concepts> (C++20)
诊断
<stdexcept> <stacktrace> (C++23)	<cassert>	<cerrno>	<system_error> (C++11)
内存管理
<memory>	<memory_resource> (C++17)	<scoped_allocator> (C++11)
元编程
<type_traits> (C++11)	<ratio> (C++11)
通用工具
<utility> <tuple> (C++11) <optional> (C++17) <variant> (C++17)	<any> (C++17) <expected> (C++23) <bitset>	<functional> <typeindex> (C++11) <execution> (C++17)	<charconv> (C++17) <format> (C++20) <bit> (C++20)
字符串
<string_view> (C++17) <string>	<cctype> <cwctype>	<cstring> <cwchar>	<cuchar> (C++11)
容器
<array> (C++11) <deque> <forward_list> (C++11) <list>	<vector> <map> <set> <unordered_map> (C++11)	<unordered_set> (C++11) <queue> <stack> <flat_map> (C++23)	<flat_set> (C++23) <span> (C++20) <mdspan> (C++23)
迭代器
<iterator>
范围
<ranges> (C++20)	<generator> (C++23)
算法
<algorithm>	<execution>
数值
<cfenv> (C++11) <complex>	<random> (C++11) <valarray>	<cmath>	<numbers> (C++20)
日期时间
<chrono> (C++11)	<ctime>
本地化
<locale>	<clocale>	<codecvt> (C++11/17)
输入/输出
<iosfwd> <iostream> <ios> <streambuf>	<istream> <ostream> <iomanip> <print> (C++23)	<sstream> <spanstream> (C++23) <fstream> <syncstream> (C++20)	<filesystem> (C++17) <cstdio> <cinttypes> (C++11) <strstream> (C++98/)
正则表达式
<regex>
并发支持
<stop_token> (C++20) <thread> (C++11) <atomic> (C++11)	<stdatomic.h> (C++23) <mutex> (C++11) <shared_mutex> (C++14)	<condition_variable> (C++11)   <semaphore> (C++20) <latch> (C++20)	<barrier> (C++20) <future> (C++11)
C 兼容
<cstdbool> (C++11/17/20)   <ccomplex> (C++11/17/20)	<ctgmath> (C++11/17/20)	<cstdalign> (C++11/17/20)	<ciso646> (C++20 前)

 

此头文件是容器库的一部分。

包含
<compare> (C++20)	三路比较运算符支持
<initializer_list> (C++11)	std::initializer_list 类模板
类
vector	动态的连续数组 (类模板)
vector<bool>	节省空间的动态 bitset (类模板特化)
std::hash<std::vector<bool>> (C++11)	std::vector<bool> 的散列支持 (类模板特化)
前置声明
在标头 <functional> 定义
hash (C++11)	散列函数对象 (类模板)
函数
operator==operator!=operator<operator<=operator>operator>=operator<=> (C++20 中移除)(C++20 中移除)(C++20 中移除)(C++20 中移除)(C++20 中移除)(C++20)	按照字典顺序比较 vector 中的值 (函数模板)
std::swap(std::vector)	特化 std::swap 算法 (函数模板)
erase(std::vector)erase_if(std::vector) (C++20)	擦除所有满足特定判别标准的元素 (函数模板)
范围访问
begincbegin (C++11)(C++14)	返回指向容器或数组起始的迭代器 (函数模板)
endcend (C++11)(C++14)	返回指向容器或数组结尾的迭代器 (函数模板)
rbegincrbegin (C++14)	返回指向一个容器或数组的逆向迭代器 (函数模板)
rendcrend (C++14)	返回容器或数组的逆向尾迭代器 (函数模板)
sizessize (C++17)(C++20)	返回容器或数组的大小 (函数模板)
empty (C++17)	检查容器是否为空 (函数模板)
data (C++17)	获得指向底层数组的指针 (函数模板)

概要

#include <compare>
#include <initializer_list>
 
namespace std {
  // 类模板 vector
  template<class T, class Allocator = allocator<T>> class vector;
 
  template<class T, class Allocator>
    constexpr bool operator==(const vector<T, Allocator>& x,
                              const vector<T, Allocator>& y);
  template<class T, class Allocator>
    constexpr /*synth-three-way-result*/<T> operator<=>(const vector<T, Allocator>& x,
                                                        const vector<T, Allocator>& y);
 
  template<class T, class Allocator>
    constexpr void swap(vector<T, Allocator>& x, vector<T, Allocator>& y)
      noexcept(noexcept(x.swap(y)));
 
  template<class T, class Allocator, class U>
    constexpr typename vector<T, Allocator>::size_type
      erase(vector<T, Allocator>& c, const U& value);
  template<class T, class Allocator, class Predicate>
    constexpr typename vector<T, Allocator>::size_type
      erase_if(vector<T, Allocator>& c, Predicate pred);
 
  // 类 vector<bool>
  template<class Allocator> class vector<bool, Allocator>;
 
  // 散列支持
  template<class T> struct hash;
  template<class Allocator> struct hash<vector<bool, Allocator>>;
 
  namespace pmr {
    template<class T>
      using vector = std::vector<T, polymorphic_allocator<T>>;
  }
}

类模板 std::vector

namespace std {
  template<class T, class Allocator = allocator<T>>
  class vector {
  public:
    // 类型
    using value_type             = T;
    using allocator_type         = Allocator;
    using pointer                = typename allocator_traits<Allocator>::pointer;
    using const_pointer          = typename allocator_traits<Allocator>::const_pointer;
    using reference              = value_type&;
    using const_reference        = const value_type&;
    using size_type              = /* 由实现定义 */;
    using difference_type        = /* 由实现定义 */;
    using iterator               = /* 由实现定义 */;
    using const_iterator         = /* 由实现定义 */;
    using reverse_iterator       = std::reverse_iterator<iterator>;
    using const_reverse_iterator = std::reverse_iterator<const_iterator>;
 
    // 构造/复制/销毁
    constexpr vector() noexcept(noexcept(Allocator())) : vector(Allocator()) { }
    constexpr explicit vector(const Allocator&) noexcept;
    constexpr explicit vector(size_type n, const Allocator& = Allocator());
    constexpr vector(size_type n, const T& value, const Allocator& = Allocator());
    template<class InputIt>
      constexpr vector(InputIt first, InputIt last, const Allocator& = Allocator());
    constexpr vector(const vector& x);
    constexpr vector(vector&&) noexcept;
    constexpr vector(const vector&, const Allocator&);
    constexpr vector(vector&&, const Allocator&);
    constexpr vector(initializer_list<T>, const Allocator& = Allocator());
    constexpr ~vector();
    constexpr vector& operator=(const vector& x);
    constexpr vector& operator=(vector&& x)
      noexcept(allocator_traits<Allocator>::propagate_on_container_move_assignment::value ||
               allocator_traits<Allocator>::is_always_equal::value);
    constexpr vector& operator=(initializer_list<T>);
    template<class InputIt>
      constexpr void assign(InputIt first, InputIt last);
    constexpr void assign(size_type n, const T& u);
    constexpr void assign(initializer_list<T>);
    constexpr allocator_type get_allocator() const noexcept;
 
    // 迭代器
    constexpr iterator               begin() noexcept;
    constexpr const_iterator         begin() const noexcept;
    constexpr iterator               end() noexcept;
    constexpr const_iterator         end() const noexcept;
    constexpr reverse_iterator       rbegin() noexcept;
    constexpr const_reverse_iterator rbegin() const noexcept;
    constexpr reverse_iterator       rend() noexcept;
    constexpr const_reverse_iterator rend() const noexcept;
 
    constexpr const_iterator         cbegin() const noexcept;
    constexpr const_iterator         cend() const noexcept;
    constexpr const_reverse_iterator crbegin() const noexcept;
    constexpr const_reverse_iterator crend() const noexcept;
 
    // 容量
    [[nodiscard]] constexpr bool empty() const noexcept;
    constexpr size_type size() const noexcept;
    constexpr size_type max_size() const noexcept;
    constexpr size_type capacity() const noexcept;
    constexpr void      resize(size_type sz);
    constexpr void      resize(size_type sz, const T& c);
    constexpr void      reserve(size_type n);
    constexpr void      shrink_to_fit();
 
    // 元素访问
    constexpr reference       operator[](size_type n);
    constexpr const_reference operator[](size_type n) const;
    constexpr const_reference at(size_type n) const;
    constexpr reference       at(size_type n);
    constexpr reference       front();
    constexpr const_reference front() const;
    constexpr reference       back();
    constexpr const_reference back() const;
 
    // 数据访问
    constexpr T*       data() noexcept;
    constexpr const T* data() const noexcept;
 
    // 修改器
    template<class... Args> constexpr reference emplace_back(Args&&... args);
    constexpr void push_back(const T& x);
    constexpr void push_back(T&& x);
    constexpr void pop_back();
 
    template<class... Args>
      constexpr iterator emplace(const_iterator position, Args&&... args);
    constexpr iterator insert(const_iterator position, const T& x);
    constexpr iterator insert(const_iterator position, T&& x);
    constexpr iterator insert(const_iterator position, size_type n, const T& x);
    template<class InputIt>
      constexpr iterator insert(const_iterator position,
                                InputIt first, InputIt last);
    constexpr iterator insert(const_iterator position, initializer_list<T> il);
    constexpr iterator erase(const_iterator position);
    constexpr iterator erase(const_iterator first, const_iterator last);
    constexpr void     swap(vector&)
      noexcept(allocator_traits<Allocator>::propagate_on_container_swap::value ||
               allocator_traits<Allocator>::is_always_equal::value);
    constexpr void     clear() noexcept;
  };
 
  template<class InputIt, class Allocator = allocator</*iter-value-type*/<InputIt>>>
    vector(InputIt, InputIt, Allocator = Allocator())
      -> vector</*iter-value-type*/<InputIt>, Allocator>;
 
  // 交换
  template<class T, class Allocator>
    constexpr void swap(vector<T, Allocator>& x, vector<T, Allocator>& y)
      noexcept(noexcept(x.swap(y)));
}

类模板 std::vector 对 bool 的特化

namespace std {
  template<class Allocator>
  class vector<bool, Allocator> {
  public:
    // 类型
    using value_type             = bool;
    using allocator_type         = Allocator;
    using pointer                = /* 由实现定义 */;
    using const_pointer          = /* 由实现定义 */;
    using const_reference        = bool;
    using size_type              = /* 由实现定义 */;
    using difference_type        = /* 由实现定义 */;
    using iterator               = /* 由实现定义 */;
    using const_iterator         = /* 由实现定义 */;
    using reverse_iterator       = std::reverse_iterator<iterator>;
    using const_reverse_iterator = std::reverse_iterator<const_iterator>;
 
    // 位引用
    class reference {
      friend class vector;
      constexpr reference() noexcept;
    public:
      constexpr reference(const reference&) = default;
      constexpr ~reference();
      constexpr operator bool() const noexcept;
      constexpr reference& operator=(const bool x) noexcept;
      constexpr reference& operator=(const reference& x) noexcept;
      constexpr void flip() noexcept;   // 翻转位
    };
 
    // 构造/复制/销毁
    constexpr vector() : vector(Allocator()) { }
    constexpr explicit vector(const Allocator&);
    constexpr explicit vector(size_type n, const Allocator& = Allocator());
    constexpr vector(size_type n, const bool& value, const Allocator& = Allocator());
    template<class InputIt>
      constexpr vector(InputIt first, InputIt last, const Allocator& = Allocator());
    constexpr vector(const vector& x);
    constexpr vector(vector&& x);
    constexpr vector(const vector&, const Allocator&);
    constexpr vector(vector&&, const Allocator&);
    constexpr vector(initializer_list<bool>, const Allocator& = Allocator()));
    constexpr ~vector();
    constexpr vector& operator=(const vector& x);
    constexpr vector& operator=(vector&& x);
    constexpr vector& operator=(initializer_list<bool>);
    template<class InputIt>
      constexpr void assign(InputIt first, InputIt last);
    constexpr void assign(size_type n, const bool& t);
    constexpr void assign(initializer_list<bool>);
    constexpr allocator_type get_allocator() const noexcept;
 
    // 迭代器
    constexpr iterator               begin() noexcept;
    constexpr const_iterator         begin() const noexcept;
    constexpr iterator               end() noexcept;
    constexpr const_iterator         end() const noexcept;
    constexpr reverse_iterator       rbegin() noexcept;
    constexpr const_reverse_iterator rbegin() const noexcept;
    constexpr reverse_iterator       rend() noexcept;
    constexpr const_reverse_iterator rend() const noexcept;
 
    constexpr const_iterator         cbegin() const noexcept;
    constexpr const_iterator         cend() const noexcept;
    constexpr const_reverse_iterator crbegin() const noexcept;
    constexpr const_reverse_iterator crend() const noexcept;
 
    // 容量
    [[nodiscard]] constexpr bool empty() const noexcept;
    constexpr size_type size() const noexcept;
    constexpr size_type max_size() const noexcept;
    constexpr size_type capacity() const noexcept;
    constexpr void      resize(size_type sz, bool c = false);
    constexpr void      reserve(size_type n);
    constexpr void      shrink_to_fit();
 
    // 元素访问
    constexpr reference       operator[](size_type n);
    constexpr const_reference operator[](size_type n) const;
    constexpr const_reference at(size_type n) const;
    constexpr reference       at(size_type n);
    constexpr reference       front();
    constexpr const_reference front() const;
    constexpr reference       back();
    constexpr const_reference back() const;
 
    // 修改器
    template<class... Args> constexpr reference emplace_back(Args&&... args);
    constexpr void push_back(const bool& x);
    constexpr void pop_back();
    template<class... Args>
      constexpr iterator emplace(const_iterator position, Args&&... args);
    constexpr iterator insert(const_iterator position, const bool& x);
    constexpr iterator insert(const_iterator position, size_type n, const bool& x);
    template<class InputIt>
      constexpr iterator insert(const_iterator position,
                                InputIt first, InputIt last);
    constexpr iterator insert(const_iterator position, initializer_list<bool> il);
 
    constexpr iterator erase(const_iterator position);
    constexpr iterator erase(const_iterator first, const_iterator last);
    constexpr void swap(vector&);
    constexpr static void swap(reference x, reference y) noexcept;
    constexpr void flip() noexcept;     // 翻转所有位
    constexpr void clear() noexcept;
  };
}