标准库标头 <locale>

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C++
 
标准库标头
注：修订记号中的反斜杠 '/' 意味着此标头被弃用和/或被移除。
语言支持
概念
<concepts> (C++20)
诊断
<system_error> (C++11)
内存管理
<memory_resource> (C++17)  
元编程
<type_traits> (C++11)
<ratio> (C++11)
通用工具
<utility>
<tuple> (C++11)
<optional> (C++17)
<variant> (C++17)
<any> (C++17)
<expected> (C++23)
<bitset>

<charconv> (C++17)
<format> (C++20)
<bit> (C++20)

字符串
<cuchar> (C++11)

容器
<flat_set> (C++23)
<span> (C++20)
<mdspan> (C++23)

迭代器
<iterator>
范围
<ranges> (C++20)
<generator> (C++23)
算法
数值
<cfenv> (C++11)
<complex>
<numbers> (C++20)

日期时间
<chrono> (C++11)
本地化
<locale>
<codecvt> (C++11/17)
输入/输出
<filesystem> (C++17)
<cstdio>
<cinttypes> (C++11)
<strstream> (C++98/)
正则表达式
<regex>
并发支持
<stop_token> (C++20)
<thread> (C++11)
<atomic> (C++11)
<stdatomic.h> (C++23)
<mutex> (C++11)
<shared_mutex> (C++14)
<condition_variable> (C++11)  
<semaphore> (C++20)
<latch> (C++20)
<barrier> (C++20)
<future> (C++11)

C 兼容
<cstdbool> (C++11/17/20)  
<ccomplex> (C++11/17/20)
<ctgmath> (C++11/17/20)

<cstdalign> (C++11/17/20)

<ciso646> (C++20 前)

 

此标头是本地化库的一部分。

类

 用来封装文化差异的多态平面的集合
(类)
字符串与流转换
(C++11)(C++17 中弃用)
 进行宽字符串和字节字符串之间的转换
(类模板)
(C++11)(C++17 中弃用)
 进行字节流缓冲区和宽流缓冲区间的转换
(类模板)
刻面类别的基类
定义字符分类类别
(类)
定义字符转换错误
(类)
定义消息目录类型
(类)
定义日期格式常量
(类)
定义货币格式化模式
(类)
刻面类别
定义字符分类表
(类模板)
std::ctype 对于 char 类型的特化
(类模板特化)
在字符编码间转换，包括 UTF-8、UTF-16、UTF-32
(类模板)
定义字典序比较和字符串的散列
(类模板)
实现从消息目录获取字符串
(类模板)
从输入字符序列中解析时间/日期值到 std::tm 中
(类模板)
格式化 std::tm 内容为字符序列以输出
(类模板)
从输入字符序列中解析数字值
(类模板)
格式化数值为字符序列以输出
(类模板)
定义数值标点规则
(类模板)
从输入字符序列中解析并构造货币值
(类模板)
格式化货币值为字符序列以输出
(类模板)
定义 std::money_get 与 std::money_put 所用的货币格式解析器的参数
(类模板)
特定于本地环境的刻面类别
表示系统提供的具名本地环境的 std::ctype
(类模板)
表示系统提供的具名本地环境的 std::codecvt
(类模板)
表示系统提供的具名本地环境的 std::messages
(类模板)
表示系统提供的具名本地环境的 std::collate
(类模板)
表示系统提供的具名本地环境的 std::time_get
(类模板)
表示系统提供的具名本地环境的 std::time_put
(类模板)
表示系统提供的具名本地环境的 std::numpunct
(类模板)
表示系统提供的具名本地环境的 std::moneypunct
(类模板)

函数

本地环境与刻面
从本地环境获得一个平面
(函数模板)
检查本地环境是否实现特定的平面
(函数模板)
字符分类
检查字符是否被本地环境分类为空白
(函数模板)
(C++11)
 检查字符是否被本地环境分类为空格字符
(函数模板)
检查字符是否被本地环境分类为控制字符
(函数模板)
检查字符是否被本地环境分类为大写
(函数模板)
检查字符是否被本地环境分类为小写
(函数模板)
检查字符是否被本地环境分类为字母
(函数模板)
检查字符是否被本地环境分类为数字
(函数模板)
检查字符是否被本地环境分类为标点
(函数模板)
检查字符是否被本地环境分类为十六进制数字
(函数模板)
检查字符是否被本地环境分类为字母或数字
(函数模板)
检查字符是否被本地环境分类为可打印字符
(函数模板)
检查字符是否被本地环境分类为图形字符
(函数模板)
字符转换
用本地环境的 ctype 平面将字符转换成大写
(函数模板)
用本地环境的 ctype 平面将字符转换成小写
(函数模板)

概要

namespace std {
 
    // locale ：
    class locale;
    template <class Facet> const Facet& use_facet(const locale&);
    template <class Facet> bool has_facet(const locale&) noexcept;
 
    // 便利接口：
    template <class charT> bool isspace (charT c, const locale& loc);
    template <class charT> bool isprint (charT c, const locale& loc);
    template <class charT> bool iscntrl (charT c, const locale& loc);
    template <class charT> bool isupper (charT c, const locale& loc);
    template <class charT> bool islower (charT c, const locale& loc);
    template <class charT> bool isalpha (charT c, const locale& loc);
    template <class charT> bool isdigit (charT c, const locale& loc);
    template <class charT> bool ispunct (charT c, const locale& loc);
    template <class charT> bool isxdigit(charT c, const locale& loc);
    template <class charT> bool isalnum (charT c, const locale& loc);
    template <class charT> bool isgraph (charT c, const locale& loc);
    template <class charT> charT toupper(charT c, const locale& loc);
    template <class charT> charT tolower(charT c, const locale& loc);
    template <class Codecvt, class Elem = wchar_t,
              class Wide_alloc = std::allocator<Elem>,
        class Byte_alloc = std::allocator<char> > class wstring_convert;
    template <class Codecvt, class Elem = wchar_t,
              class Tr = char_traits<Elem>> class wbuffer_convert;
 
    // 字符类型：
    class ctype_base;
    template <class charT> class ctype;
    template <>            class ctype<char>; // 特化
    template <class charT> class ctype_byname;
    class codecvt_base;
    template <class internT, class externT, class stateT> class codecvt;
    template <class internT, class externT, class stateT> class codecvt_byname;
 
    // 数值：
    template <class charT, class InputIterator = istreambuf_iterator<charT> > class num_get;
    template <class charT, class OutputIterator = osterambuf_iterator<charT> > class num_put;
    template <class charT> class numpunct;
    template <class charT> class numpunct_byname;
 
    // 校对：
    template <class charT> class collate;
    template <class charT> class collate_byname;
 
    // 日期与时间：
    class time_base;	
    template <class charT, class InputIterator = istreambuf_iterator<charT> >
        class time_get;	
    template <class charT, class InputIterator> = istreambuf_iterator<charT> >
        class time_get_byname;	
    template <class charT, class OutputIterator> = ostreambuf_iterator<charT> >
        class time_put;	
    template <class charT, class OutputIterator> = ostreambuf_iterator<charT> >
        class time_put_byname;	
 
    // 货币：	
    class money_base;	
    template <class charT, class InputIterator = istreambuf_iterator<charT> > > 
        class money_get;
    template <class charT, class OutputIterator = ostreambuf_iterator<charT> > > 
        class money_put;
    template <class charT, bool Intl = false> class moneypunct;
    template <class charT, bool Intl = false> class moneypunct_byname;
 
    // 消息获取：
    class messages_base;
    template <class charT> class messages;
    template <class charT> class messages_byname;
}


类 std::locale

class locale
{
public:
    // types:
    class facet;
    class id;
    typedef int category;
    static const category // 此处所赋之值仅用于阐释
        none    = 0,
        collate = 0x010, 
        ctype   = 0x020,
        monetary= 0x040, 
        numeric = 0x080,
        time    = 0x100, 
        messages= 0x200,
        all = collate | ctype | monetary | numeric | time | messages;
 
    // 构造/复制/销毁：
    locale() noexcept;
    locale(const locale& other) noexcept;
    explicit locale(const char* std_name);
    explicit locale(const string& std_name);
    locale(const locale& other, const char* std_name, category);
    locale(const locale& other, const string& std_name, category);
    template <class Facet> locale(const locale& other, Facet* f);
    locale(const locale& other, const locale& one, category);
    ~locale();
 
    // 非虚函数
    const locale& operator=(const locale& other) noexcept;
    template <class Facet> locale combine(const locale& other) const;
 
    // locale 操作：
    basic_string<char>
    name() const;
    bool operator==(const locale& other) const;
    bool operator!=(const locale& other) const;
    template <class charT, class traits, class Allocator>
    bool operator()(const basic_string<charT,traits,Allocator>& s1,
                    const basic_string<charT,traits,Allocator>& s2) const;
 
    // 全局 locale 对象：
    static
    locale global(const locale&);
    static const locale& classic();
};

类 std::ctype_base

class ctype_base
{
public:
    typedef /*T*/ mask;
 
    // 数值仅为说明。
    static const mask space = 1 << 0;
    static const mask print = 1 << 1;
    static const mask cntrl = 1 << 2;
    static const mask upper = 1 << 3;
    static const mask lower = 1 << 4;
    static const mask alpha = 1 << 5;
    static const mask digit = 1 << 6;
    static const mask punct = 1 << 7;
    static const mask xdigit= 1 << 8;
    static const mask blank = 1 << 9;
    static const mask alnum = alpha | digit;
    static const mask graph = alnum | punct;
 
};

类 std::ctype

template <class charT>
class ctype : public locale::facet, public ctype_base
{
public:
    typedef charT char_type;
 
    explicit ctype(size_t refs = 0);
 
    bool is(mask m, charT c) const;
    const charT* is(const charT* low, const charT* high, mask* vec) const;
    const charT* scan_is(mask m,
                         const charT* low, const charT* high) const;
    const charT* scan_not(mask m,
                          const charT* low, const charT* high) const;
 
    charT           toupper(charT c) const;
    const charT*    toupper(charT* low, const charT* high) const;
    charT           tolower(charT c) const;
    const charT*    tolower(charT* low, const charT* high) const;
 
    charT       widen(char c) const;
    const char* widen(const char* low, const char* high, charT* to) const;
    char        narrow(charT c, char dfault) const;
    const charT*narrow(const charT* low, const charT*, char dfault,
                        char* to) const;
 
    static locale::id id;
 
protected:
    ~ctype();
    virtual bool do_is(mask m, charT c) const;
    virtual const charT* do_is(const charT* low, const charT* high,
                               mask* vec) const;
    virtual const charT* do_scan_is(mask m,
                                    const charT* low, const charT* high) const;
    virtual const charT* do_scan_not(mask m,
                                     const charT* low, const charT* high) const;
 
    virtual charT do_toupper(charT) const;
    virtual const charT* do_toupper(charT* low, const charT* high) const;
    virtual charT do_tolower(charT) const;
    virtual const charT* do_tolower(charT* low, const charT* high) const;
    virtual charT do_widen(char) const;
    virtual const char*  do_widen(const char* low, const char* high,
                                  charT* dest) const;
    virtual char do_narrow(charT, char dfault) const;
    virtual const charT* do_narrow(const charT* low, const charT* high,
                                   char dfault, char* dest) const;
};


类 std::ctype_byname

template <class charT>
class ctype_byname : public ctype<charT>
{
public:
    typedef typename ctype<charT>::mask mask;
    explicit ctype_byname(const char*, size_t refs = 0);
    explicit ctype_byname(const string&, size_t refs = 0);
    protected:
    ~ctype_byname();
};

类 std::ctype<char>

template <> class ctype<char>
    : public locale::facet, public ctype_base
{
public:
    typedef char char_type;
    explicit ctype(const mask* tab = 0, bool del = false,
                   size_t refs = 0);
    bool is(mask m, char c) const;
    const char* is(const char* low, const char* high, mask* vec) const;
    const char* scan_is (mask m,
                         const char* low, const char* high) const;
    const char* scan_not(mask m,
                         const char* low, const char* high) const;
    char        toupper(char c) const;
    const char* toupper(char* low, const char* high) const;
    char        tolower(char c) const;
    const char* tolower(char* low, const char* high) const;
    char        widen(char c) const;
    const char* widen(const char* low, const char* high, char* to) const;
    char        narrow(char c, char dfault) const;
    const char* narrow(const char* low, const char* high, char dfault,
                       char* to) const;
 
    static locale::id id;
 
    static const size_t table_size = implementation-defined;
    const mask* table() const noexcept;
    static const mask* classic_table() noexcept;
 
protected:
    ~ctype();
    virtual char        do_toupper(char c) const;
    virtual const char* do_toupper(char* low, const char* high) const;
    virtual char        do_tolower(char c) const;
    virtual const char* do_tolower(char* low, const char* high) const;
    virtual char        do_widen(char c) const;
    virtual const char* do_widen(const char* low,
                                 const char* high,
                                 char* to) const;
    virtual char        do_narrow(char c, char dfault) const;
    virtual const char* do_narrow(const char* low,
                                  const char* high,
                                  char dfault, char* to) const;
};

类 std::codecvt_base

class codecvt_base
{
public:
    enum result { ok, partial, error, noconv };
};

类 std::codecvt

template <class internT, class externT, class stateT>
class codecvt : public locale::facet, public codecvt_base
{
public:
        typedef internT intern_type;
        typedef externT extern_type;
        typedef stateT state_type;
        explicit codecvt(size_t refs = 0);
        result out(stateT& state,
                   const internT* from, const internT* from_end, 
                   const internT*& from_next,
                   externT* to, externT* to_end, externT*& to_next) const;
        result unshift(stateT& state, externT* to,
                       externT* to_end, externT*& to_next) const;
        result in(stateT& state,
                  const externT* from, const externT* from_end, 
                  const externT*& from_next,
                  internT* to,
                  internT* to_end, internT*& to_next) const;
        int encoding() const noexcept;
        bool always_noconv() const noexcept;
        int length(stateT&, const externT* from, const externT* end,
                   size_t max) const;
        int max_length() const noexcept;
        static locale::id id;
protected:
        ~codecvt();
        virtual result do_out(stateT& state,
                              const internT* from, const internT* from_end, 
                              const internT*& from_next,
                              externT* to,
                              externT* to_end, externT*& to_next) const;
        virtual result do_in(stateT& state,
                             const externT* from, const externT* from_end, 
                             const externT*& from_next,
                             internT* to,
                             internT* to_end, internT*& to_next) const;
        virtual result do_unshift(stateT& state,
                                  externT* to,
                                  externT* to_end, externT*& to_next) const;
        virtual int do_encoding() const noexcept;
        virtual bool do_always_noconv() const noexcept;
        virtual int do_length(stateT&, const externT* from,
                              const externT* end, size_t max) const;
        virtual int do_max_length() const noexcept;
};

类 std::codecvt_byname

template <class internT, class externT, class stateT>
class codecvt_byname : public codecvt<internT, externT, stateT>
{
public:
    explicit codecvt_byname(const char*, size_t refs = 0);
    explicit codecvt_byname(const string&, size_t refs = 0);
protected:
    ~codecvt_byname();
};

类 std::num_get

template <class charT, class InputIterator = istreambuf_iterator<charT> >
class num_get : public locale::facet
{
public:
    typedef charT           char_type;
    typedef InputIterator   iter_type;
    explicit num_get(size_t refs = 0);
    iter_type get(iter_type in, iter_type end, ios_base&,
                  ios_base::iostate& err, bool& v) const;
    iter_type get(iter_type in, iter_type end, ios_base& ,
                  ios_base::iostate& err, long& v) const;
    iter_type get(iter_type in, iter_type end, ios_base& ,
                  ios_base::iostate& err, long long& v) const;
    iter_type get(iter_type in, iter_type end, ios_base&,
                  ios_base::iostate& err, unsigned short& v) const;
    iter_type get(iter_type in, iter_type end, ios_base&,
                  ios_base::iostate& err, unsigned int& v) const;
    iter_type get(iter_type in, iter_type end, ios_base&,
                  ios_base::iostate& err, unsigned long& v) const;
    iter_type get(iter_type in, iter_type end, ios_base& ,
                  ios_base::iostate& err, unsigned long long& v) const;
    iter_type get(iter_type in, iter_type end, ios_base&,
                  ios_base::iostate& err, float& v) const;
    iter_type get(iter_type in, iter_type end, ios_base&,
                  ios_base::iostate& err, double& v) const;
    iter_type get(iter_type in, iter_type end, ios_base&,
                  ios_base::iostate& err, long double& v) const;
    iter_type get(iter_type in, iter_type end, ios_base&,
                  ios_base::iostate& err, void*& v) const;
 
    static locale::id id;
 
 
protected:
    ~num_get();
 
    virtual iter_type do_get(iter_type, iter_type, ios_base&,
                             ios_base::iostate& err, bool& v) const;
    virtual iter_type do_get(iter_type, iter_type, ios_base&,
                             ios_base::iostate& err, long& v) const;
    virtual iter_type do_get(iter_type, iter_type, ios_base&,
                             ios_base::iostate& err, long long& v) const;
    virtual iter_type do_get(iter_type, iter_type, ios_base&,
                             ios_base::iostate& err, unsigned short& v) const;
    virtual iter_type do_get(iter_type, iter_type, ios_base&,
                             ios_base::iostate& err, unsigned int& v) const;
    virtual iter_type do_get(iter_type, iter_type, ios_base&,
                             ios_base::iostate& err, unsigned long& v) const;
    virtual iter_type do_get(iter_type, iter_type, ios_base&,
                             ios_base::iostate& err, unsigned long long& v) const;
    virtual iter_type do_get(iter_type, iter_type, ios_base&,
                             ios_base::iostate& err, float& v) const;
    virtual iter_type do_get(iter_type, iter_type, ios_base&,
                             ios_base::iostate& err, double& v) const;
    virtual iter_type do_get(iter_type, iter_type, ios_base&,
                             ios_base::iostate& err, long double& v) const;
    virtual iter_type do_get(iter_type, iter_type, ios_base&,
                             ios_base::iostate& err, void*& v) const;
};

类 std::num_put

template <class CharT, class OutputIterator = ostreambuf_iterator<CharT> >
class num_put : public locale::facet
{
public:
    typedef CharT char_type;
    typedef OutputIterator iter_type;
 
    explicit num_put(size_t refs = 0);
 
    iter_type put(iter_type s, ios_base& f, char_type fill,
                  bool v) const;
    iter_type put(iter_type s, ios_base& f, char_type fill,
                  long v) const;
    iter_type put(iter_type s, ios_base& f, char_type fill,
                  long long v) const;
    iter_type put(iter_type s, ios_base& f, char_type fill,
                  unsigned long v) const;
    iter_type put(iter_type s, ios_base& f, char_type fill,
                  unsigned long long v) const;
    iter_type put(iter_type s, ios_base& f, char_type fill,
                  double v) const;
    iter_type put(iter_type s, ios_base& f, char_type fill,
                  long double v) const;
    iter_type put(iter_type s, ios_base& f, char_type fill,
                  const void* v) const;
 
    static locale::id id;
 
protected:
    ~num_put();
 
    virtual iter_type do_put(iter_type, ios_base&, char_type fill,
                             bool v) const;
    virtual iter_type do_put(iter_type, ios_base&, char_type fill,
                             long v) const;
    virtual iter_type do_put(iter_type, ios_base&, char_type fill,
                             long long v) const;
    virtual iter_type do_put(iter_type, ios_base&, char_type fill,
                             unsigned long) const;
    virtual iter_type do_put(iter_type, ios_base&, char_type fill,
                             unsigned long long) const;
    virtual iter_type do_put(iter_type, ios_base&, char_type fill,
                             double v) const;
    virtual iter_type do_put(iter_type, ios_base&, char_type fill,
                             long double v) const;
    virtual iter_type do_put(iter_type, ios_base&, char_type fill,
                             const void* v) const;
};

类 std::numpunct

template <class CharT>
class numpunct : public locale::facet
{
public:
    typedef CharT char_type;
    typedef basic_string<CharT> string_type;
 
    explicit numpunct(size_t refs = 0);
 
    char_type   decimal_point() const;
    char_type   thousands_sep() const;
    string      grouping()      const;
    string_type truename()      const;
    string_type falsename()     const;
 
    static locale::id id;
 
protected:
    ~numpunct(); // 虚函数
 
    virtual char_type   do_decimal_point() const;
    virtual char_type   do_thousands_sep() const;
    virtual string      do_grouping()      const;
    virtual string_type do_truename()      const; // 对于 bool
    virtual string_type do_falsename()     const; // 对于 bool
};

类 std::numpunct_byname

template <class CharT>
class numpunct_byname : public numpunct<CharT>
{
public:
    typedef CharT char_type;
    typedef basic_string<CharT> string_type;
 
    explicit numpunct_byname(const char*, size_t refs = 0);
    explicit numpunct_byname(const string&, size_t refs = 0);
 
protected:
    ~numpunct_byname();
};

类 std::collate

template <class CharT>
class collate : public locale::facet
{
public:
    typedef CharT char_type;
    typedef basic_string<CharT> string_type;
 
    explicit collate(size_t refs = 0);
 
    int compare(const CharT* low1, const CharT* high1,
                const CharT* low2, const CharT* high2) const;
    string_type transform(const CharT* low, const CharT* high) const;
    long hash(const CharT* low, const CharT* high) const;
 
    static locale::id id;
 
protected:
    ~collate();
 
    virtual int do_compare(const CharT* low1, const CharT* high1,
                           const CharT* low2, const CharT* high2) const;
    virtual string_type do_transform(const CharT* low,
                                     const CharT* high) const;
    virtual long do_hash (const CharT* low, const CharT* high) const;
};

类 std::collate_byname

template <class CharT>
class collate_byname : public collate<CharT>
{
public:
    typedef basic_string<CharT> string_type;
 
    explicit collate_byname(const char*, size_t refs = 0);
    explicit collate_byname(const string&, size_t refs = 0);
 
protected:
    ~collate_byname();
};

类 std::time_base

class time_base
{
public:
    enum dateorder { no_order, dmy, mdy, ymd, ydm };
};

类 std::time_get

template <class CharT, class InputIterator = istreambuf_iterator<CharT> >
class time_get : public locale::facet, public time_base
{
public:
    typedef CharT char_type;
    typedef InputIterator iter_type;
 
    explicit time_get(size_t refs = 0);
 
    dateorder date_order() const;
    iter_type get_time(iter_type s, iter_type end, ios_base& f,
                       ios_base::iostate& err, tm* t) const;
    iter_type get_date(iter_type s, iter_type end, ios_base& f,
                       ios_base::iostate& err, tm* t) const;
    iter_type get_weekday(iter_type s, iter_type end, ios_base& f,
                          ios_base::iostate& err, tm* t) const;
    iter_type get_monthname(iter_type s, iter_type end, ios_base& f,
                            ios_base::iostate& err, tm* t) const;
    iter_type get_year(iter_type s, iter_type end, ios_base& f,
                       ios_base::iostate& err, tm* t) const;
    iter_type get(iter_type s, iter_type end, ios_base& f,
                  ios_base::iostate& err, tm* t, char format,
                  char modifier = 0) const;
    iter_type get(iter_type s, iter_type end, ios_base& f,
                  ios_base::iostate& err, tm* t,
                  const char_type* fmt, const char_type* fmtend) const;
 
    static locale::id id;
 
protected:
    ~time_get();
 
    virtual dateorder do_date_order() const;
    virtual iter_type do_get_time(iter_type s, iter_type end, ios_base&,
                                  ios_base::iostate& err, tm* t) const;
    virtual iter_type do_get_date(iter_type s, iter_type end, ios_base&,
                                  ios_base::iostate& err, tm* t) const;
    virtual iter_type do_get_weekday(iter_type s, iter_type end, ios_base&,
                                     ios_base::iostate& err, tm* t) const;
    virtual iter_type do_get_monthname(iter_type s, iter_type end, ios_base&,
                                       ios_base::iostate& err, tm* t) const;
    virtual iter_type do_get_year(iter_type s, iter_type end, ios_base&,
                                  ios_base::iostate& err, tm* t) const;
    virtual iter_type do_get(iter_type s, iter_type end, ios_base& f,
                             ios_base::iostate& err, tm* t,
                             char format, char modifier) const;
};

类 std::time_get_byname

template <class CharT, class InputIterator = istreambuf_iterator<CharT> >
class time_get_byname : public time_get<CharT, InputIterator>
{
public:
    typedef time_base::dateorder dateorder;
    typedef InputIterator iter_type;
 
    explicit time_get_byname(const char*, size_t refs = 0);
    explicit time_get_byname(const string&, size_t refs = 0);
 
protected:
    ~time_get_byname();
};

类 std::time_put

template <class CharT, class OutputIterator = ostreambuf_iterator<CharT> >
class time_put : public locale::facet
{
public:
    typedef CharT char_type;
    typedef OutputIterator iter_type;
 
    explicit time_put(size_t refs = 0);
 
    // 下列函数以其他成员函数实现。
    iter_type put(iter_type s, ios_base& f, char_type fill, const tm* tmb,
                  const CharT* pattern, const CharT* pat_end) const;
    iter_type put(iter_type s, ios_base& f, char_type fill,
                  const tm* tmb, char format, char modifier = 0) const;
 
    static locale::id id;
 
protected:
    ~time_put();
 
    virtual iter_type do_put(iter_type s, ios_base&, char_type, const tm* t,
                             char format, char modifier) const;
};

类 std::time_put_byname

template <class CharT, class OutputIterator = ostreambuf_iterator<CharT> >
class time_put_byname : public time_put<CharT, OutputIterator>
{
public:
    typedef CharT char_type;
    typedef OutputIterator iter_type;
 
    explicit time_put_byname(const char*, size_t refs = 0);
    explicit time_put_byname(const string&, size_t refs = 0);
 
protected:
    ~time_put_byname();
};

类 std::money_get

template <class CharT, class InputIterator = istreambuf_iterator<CharT> >
class money_get : public locale::facet
{
public:
    typedef CharT char_type;
    typedef InputIterator iter_type;
    typedef basic_string<CharT> string_type;
 
    explicit money_get(size_t refs = 0);
 
    iter_type get(iter_type s, iter_type end, bool intl, ios_base& f,
                  ios_base::iostate& err, long double& units) const;
    iter_type get(iter_type s, iter_type end, bool intl, ios_base& f,
                  ios_base::iostate& err, string_type& digits) const;
 
    static locale::id id;
 
protected:
    ~money_get();
 
    virtual iter_type do_get(iter_type, iter_type, bool, ios_base&,
                             ios_base::iostate& err,
                             long double& units) const;
    virtual iter_type do_get(iter_type, iter_type, bool, ios_base&,
                             ios_base::iostate& err,
                             string_type& digits) const;
};

类 std::money_put

template <class CharT, class OutputIterator = ostreambuf_iterator<CharT> >
class money_put : public locale::facet
{
public:
    typedef CharT char_type;
    typedef OutputIterator iter_type;
    typedef basic_string<CharT> string_type;
 
    explicit money_put(size_t refs = 0);
 
    iter_type put(iter_type s, bool intl, ios_base& f,
                  char_type fill, long double units) const;
    iter_type put(iter_type s, bool intl, ios_base& f,
                  char_type fill, const string_type& digits) const;
 
    static locale::id id;
 
protected:
    ~money_put();
 
    virtual iter_type do_put(iter_type, bool, ios_base&, char_type fill,
                             long double units) const;
    virtual iter_type do_put(iter_type, bool, ios_base&, char_type fill,
                             const string_type& digits) const;
};

类 std::money_base

class money_base
{
public:
    enum part { none, space, symbol, sign, value };
    struct pattern { char field[4]; };
};

类 std::moneypunct

template <class CharT, bool International = false>
class moneypunct : public locale::facet, public money_base
{
public:
    typedef CharT char_type;
    typedef basic_string<CharT> string_type;
 
    explicit moneypunct(size_t refs = 0);
 
    CharT       decimal_point() const;
    CharT       thousands_sep() const;
    string      grouping()      const;
    string_type curr_symbol()   const;
    string_type positive_sign() const;
    string_type negative_sign() const;
    int         frac_digits()   const;
    pattern     pos_format()    const;
    pattern     neg_format()    const;
 
    static locale::id id;
    static const bool intl = International;
 
protected:
    ~moneypunct();
 
    virtual CharT       do_decimal_point() const;
    virtual CharT       do_thousands_sep() const;
    virtual string      do_grouping()      const;
    virtual string_type do_curr_symbol()   const;
    virtual string_type do_positive_sign() const;
    virtual string_type do_negative_sign() const;
    virtual int         do_frac_digits()   const;
    virtual pattern     do_pos_format()    const;
    virtual pattern     do_neg_format()    const;
};

类 std::moneypunct_byname

template <class CharT, bool Intl = false>
class moneypunct_byname : public moneypunct<CharT, Intl>
{
public:
    typedef money_base::pattern pattern;
    typedef basic_string<CharT> string_type;
 
    explicit moneypunct_byname(const char*, size_t refs = 0);
    explicit moneypunct_byname(const string&, size_t refs = 0);
 
protected:
    ~moneypunct_byname();
};

类 std::messages_base

class messages_base
{
public:
    typedef /* 未指明的有符号整数类型 */ catalog;
};

类 std::messages

template <class CharT>
class messages : public locale::facet, public messages_base {
public:
    typedef CharT char_type;
    typedef basic_string<CharT> string_type;
 
    explicit messages(size_t refs = 0);
 
    catalog open(const basic_string<char>& fn, const locale&) const;
    string_type get(catalog c, int set, int msgid,
                    const string_type& dfault) const;
    void close(catalog c) const;
 
    static locale::id id;
 
protected:
    ~messages();
 
    virtual catalog do_open(const basic_string<char>&, const locale&) const;
    virtual string_type do_get(catalog, int set, int msgid,
                               const string_type& dfault) const;
    virtual void do_close(catalog) const;
};

类 std::messages_byname

template <class CharT>
class messages_byname : public messages<CharT>
{
public:
    typedef messages_base::catalog catalog;
    typedef basic_string<CharT> string_type;
 
    explicit messages_byname(const char*, size_t refs = 0);
    explicit messages_byname(const string&, size_t refs = 0);
 
protected:
    ~messages_byname();
};

类 std::wstring_convert

template<class Codecvt, class Elem = wchar_t,
    class Wide_alloc = std::allocator<Elem>,
    class Byte_alloc = std::allocator<char> >
class wstring_convert
{
public:
    typedef std::basic_string<char, char_traits<char>, Byte_alloc> byte_string;
    typedef std::basic_string<Elem, char_traits<Elem>, Wide_alloc> wide_string;
    typedef typename Codecvt::state_type state_type;
    typedef typename wide_string::traits_type::int_type int_type;
 
    explicit wstring_convert(Codecvt* pcvt = new Codecvt);
    wstring_convert(Codecvt* pcvt, state_type state);
    explicit wstring_convert(const byte_string& byte_err,
                             const wide_string& wide_err = wide_string());
    ~wstring_convert();
 
    wstring_convert(const wstring_convert&) = delete;
    wstring_convert& operator=(const wstring_convert&) = delete;
 
    wide_string from_bytes(char byte);
    wide_string from_bytes(const char* ptr);
    wide_string from_bytes(const byte_string& str);
    wide_string from_bytes(const char* first, const char* last);
    byte_string to_bytes(Elem wchar);
    byte_string to_bytes(const Elem* wptr);
    byte_string to_bytes(const wide_string& wstr);
    byte_string to_bytes(const Elem* first, const Elem* last);
    size_t converted() const noexcept;
    state_type state() const;
 
private:
    byte_string byte_err_string; // 仅用于阐释
    wide_string wide_err_string; // 仅用于阐释
    Codecvt* cvtptr;             // 仅用于阐释
    state_type cvtstate;         // 仅用于阐释
    size_t cvtcount;             // 仅用于阐释
};

类 std::wbuffer_convert

template<class Codecvt,
    class Elem = wchar_t,
    class Tr = std::char_traits<Elem> >
class wbuffer_convert : public std::basic_streambuf<Elem, Tr>
{
public:
    typedef typename Codecvt::state_type state_type;
 
    explicit wbuffer_convert(std::streambuf* bytebuf = 0,
                             Codecvt* pcvt = new Codecvt,
                             state_type state = state_type());
    ~wbuffer_convert();
 
    wbuffer_convert(const wbuffer_convert&) = delete;
    wbuffer_convert& operator=(const wbuffer_convert&) = delete;
 
    std::streambuf* rdbuf() const;
    std::streambuf* rdbuf(std::streambuf* bytebuf);
    state_type state() const;
private:
    std::streambuf* bufptr; // 仅用于阐释
    Codecvt* cvtptr;        // 仅用于阐释
    state_type cvtstate;    // 仅用于阐释
};

缺陷报告

下列更改行为的缺陷报告追溯地应用于以前出版的 C++ 标准。

缺陷报告 应用于 出版时的行为 正确行为
LWG 71 C++98 time_get::do_get_monthname 在概要中缺失了 end 形参 已补充
LWG 75 C++98 在概要中 codecvt 和 codecvt_byname 的成员 length 和
do_length 的形参 state 的类型是 const stateT& 		改成 stateT&
LWG 124 C++98 在概要中 codecvt_byname 的成员 do_scan_is
和 do_scan_out 的返回类型是 const char* 		改成 const charT*
LWG 228 C++98 概要列出了各个 XXX_byname 平面的所有成员虚函数 只列出析构函数
（移除其他所有虚函数）
LWG 268 C++98 概要中缺失了后随 std::locale 的默认构造函数和复制构造函数的声明的分号 已补充
LWG 1298 C++98 概要中有显式特化 ctype_byname<char> 已移除
来自“https://zh.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=cpp/header/locale&oldid=78481”